Christian History 102 Nicholas Ferrar Nicholas Ferrar Was Assumed To B

Christian History 102 Nicholas Ferrar Nicholas Ferrar was assumed to be born in 1592. I have found that his most probable birth date was in February of 1593. This is due to the usual calendar confusion: England was not at that time using the new calendar adopted in October 1582. It was 1593 according to our modern calendar, but at the time the new year in England began on the following March 25th. Nicholas Ferrar was one of the more interesting figures in English history. His family was quite wealthy and were heavily involved in the Virginia Company, which had a Royal Charter for the plantation of Virginia. People like Sir Walter Raleigh were often visitors to the family home in London. Ferrars' niece was named Virginia, the first known use of this name. Ferrar studied at Cambridge and would have gone further with his studies but the damp air of the fens was bad for his health and he traveled to Europe, spending time in the warmer climate of Italy. On his return to England he found his family had fared badly. His brother John had become over extended financially and the Virginia Company was in danger of loosing its charter. Nicholas dedicated himself to saving the family fortune and was successful. He served for a short time as Member of Parliament, where he tried to promote the cause for the Virginia Company. His efforts were in vain for the company lost their charter anyway. Nicholas is given credit for founding a Christian community called the English Protestant Nunnery at Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire, England. After Ferrar was ordained as a deacon, he retired and started his little community. Ferrar was given help and support with his semi-religious community by John Collet, as well as Collet's wife and fourteen children. They devoted themselves to a life of prayer, fasting and almsgiving (Matthew 6:2,5,16). The community was founded in 1626, when Nicholas was 34 years old. Banning together, they restored an abandoned church that was being used as a barn. Being of wealthy decent, Ferrar purchased the manor of Little Gidding, a village which had been discarded since the Black Death (a major outbreak of the bubonic plague in the 14th century), a few miles off the Great North Road, and probably recommended by John Williams, Bishop of Lincoln whose palace was in the nearby village of Buckden. About thirty people along with Mary Ferrar (Ferrars' mother) moved into the manor house. Nicholas became spiritual leader of the community. The community was very strict under the supervision of Nicholas. They read daily offices of the Book of Common Prayer, including the recital of the complete Psalter. every day. Day and night there was at least one member of the community kneeling in prayer at the alter, that they were keeping the word, ?Pray without ceasing?. They taught the neighborhood children, and looked after the health and well being of the community. They fasted and in many ways embraced voluntary poverty so that they might have as much money as possible for the relief of the poor. They wrote books and stories dealing with various aspects of Christian faith and practice. The memory of the community survived to inspire and influence later undertakings of Christian communal living, and one of T.S. Eliots' Four Quartets is called ?Little Gidding.? Nicholas was a bookbinder and he taught the community the craft as well as gilding and the so-called pasting printing by means of a rolling press. The members of the community produced the remarkable ?Harmonies? of the scriptures, one of which was produced by Mary Collet for King Charles I.. Some of the bindings were in gold toothed leather, some were in velvet which had a considerable amount of gold tooling. Some of the embroidered bindings of this period have also been attributed to the so-called nuns of Little Gidding. The community attracted much attention and was visited by the king, Charles I. He was attracted by a gospel harmony they had produced. The king ask ed to borrow it only to return it a few months later in exchange for a promise of a new harmony to give his son, Charles, Prince of Wales.

Socrates Paradoxes essays

Socrates Paradoxes essays The three paradoxes that Socrates wrote are now in textbooks where I they should stay. The paradoxes were written many years ago, and since society and human kind have changed greatly. I personally disagree with three paradoxes. The first paradox Socrates wrote,  ³No one knowingly commits evil because virtue is knowledge, ² the second is,  ³No one commits evil because no one deserves evil, ² and the final paradox Socrates is  ³It is better to be treated unjustly than it is to be The first paradox,  ³No one knowingly commits evil because virtue is knowledge, ² should be out of play. What does out of play mean? Even people know the consequences they willingly continue to do wrongful For example, people use drugs, and disobey speed limits even though know jail time, court fees, and probation are possible consequences for actions. Virtues, like many other things must be taught to individuals. no one teaches virtues to people, no on can be expected to demonstrate I have to disagree Socrates second paradox,  ³No one willingly evil because no one deserves evil. ² Once again, people commit evil without considering the potential damage they may cause another person. Every day a  ³white lie ² is told to a teacher, a parent or a spouse. thought the intent of a white lie is usually to spare an individual ¹s feelings, it is still an act of evil. People also do things in their favor What does favor mean? Ã…  .benefitÃ…   For example, people commit adultery even thought their actions are considered to be evil. This is an act of self-satisfaction. Generally, people will do whatever they want, especially if it benefits the I have to disagree with Socrates the third paradox,  ³It is better to treated unjustly than it is to be unjus ...

Water Balance. Sediment Yield Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Water Balance. Sediment Yield - Essay Example usual concepts employed to study landscape morphology do not essentially hold for dry land environments, where extreme proceedings are responsible for most erosion and sediment transport. The finest descriptions are from areas of vertical soils in the waterway Country of inland Australia, where they arise widely. They have also been explained on 'tabra' soils in the Sudan. What these areas have in common is the establishment of the soil outside into hummocky landscape. In the Australian examples this is due to gilgai, in the Sudanese example to differential compaction of the soil on climate 0 channel links can be developed per square kilometre. The hummocky surface makes flow to focus close by in lower areas where its greater depth causes it to be faster and livelier. This deliberation of flow causes waterways to form linking the depressions. Other features contributing to conduits formation are that slumps are more often covered than mounds, and as a consequence the floodplain there is often more cracked and eroded. It would seem as purely phenomena for land area or at least similar channels haven't yet been explained from other surroundings. Amongst other things, a lack of foliage seems essential to enable over bank flow to cut conduits where it wouldn't otherwise have enough energy. What is their protection possibility They have not been depicted in the rock record. The gilgai they are connected with has often been illustrated; however it is likely that the reticulate channels would be very difficult to spot. Firstly they are shaped in and transport sediment typically identical in composition to the mass of the floodplain sediment, thus leave-taking no textural signature of their presence. Secondly, the changes in soil formation which cause their formation would also tend to obliterate any signatures of their presence. In the last three decades of the 20th century a file on pending sediment yield (SSY) and it's controlling factors, which have information for 4140 river basins of the Earth, was created by geomorphologies of Kazan State University (Russia). Features shaping the values of SSY are overflow, river basin area, relief height, rock and soil opus, the thickness and structure of vegetable cover and degree of anthropogenic especially agricultural mastering of basin natural landscapes. According to N.I. Makkaveev (1955) and many other researchers, the study of river sediment yield is the most ambitious and precise method of judgment of erosion intensity. The specific suspended sediment yield (t km-2 year-1) and degree of anthropogenic mastering of river basin landscapes in various height regions of the Earth Dominating tendency Hemispheres of the Earth northern southern Rising 34.02 ( 34.7) 24.94 ( 72.0) Descending 26.83 ( 27.4) 1.69 ( 4.9) Relatively permanent 21.30 ( 21.8) 5.42 ( 15.6) No data area 15.79 ( 16.1) 2.60 ( 7.5) Total area 97.97 (100.0) 34.65 (100.0) The areas (106 km2) with different dominating tendencies of erosion intensity and suspended sediment yield changes in hemispheres of the Earth during the second half of the 20th century There is also an ordinance which is made to the following purposes: The hazard areas of North Augusta are subject to episodic flood which consequences in loss of life and property, health and safety hazards, disruption of commerce and governmental services, unusual public expenditures for flood fortification and relief, and injury of the tax base, all of which

Globalisation and International Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Globalisation and International Politics - Essay Example Fortunately, the poor countries’ debt relief deal by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (Rosenberg, 2005, 45), has been one among the significant changes, which have resulted from the strong protests and demonstrations, linked to international political economy. Adding to that, the workability of markets has not been up to the expectations of many key players in the markets. For instance, the past few years have marked significant progress for many nations in terms of progress, while some states have had their development deteriorate. In some cases, the progress in development of some nations has altered within a small margin over the past few years, as the political economies of such state has been affected by globalisation in small extents. All the happenings in the past few years have seen the challenging of institutions, strategies and beliefs. As an example, the functionality of the institutions concerned with the economic governance at the global platform and the development doctrines that are internationally accepted have faced attacks from the western economists (Stiglitz, 2003, 97). At the same time, global issues have pressurised the urge of addressing the big problems that have prevailed in Africa over the past few years. ... The term is mostly associated with the economic aspect, which involves the production of services and goods, and how they are distributed – the progress in reducing the factors that inhibit trade internationally. Such factors often include import quotas, the export fees and tariffs (Sepulchre, Arcak & Teel, 2002, 524). Thus, globalisation defines the process by which national economies integrate increasingly, to global economy. On the other hand, the term ‘political economy’ refers to the study of how goods and services are produced, bought and sold (Amoore, 2000, 72), and how these processes relate with the government, custom and law. These processes also relate with how the wealth and income of a nation are distributed. The term owes its origin to the moral philosophy, and has grown over time to be the study of the states’ economies. Globalisation and the political economy have interconnections to the sense that, in the present world, most issues surround ing globalisation are politically oriented, and thus, globalisation is a major factor in the political economy. Globalisation plays a vital role in shaping the international political economy in a diverse spectrum. Ways in which Globalisation Shapes International Political Economy In the better internalisation of the basic organisation of our societies, the strong interrelation between wealth and power has been a critical factor. For the past few years, the richness in the political economy has been unveiled by international relations. Currently, the international relations are a key issue that explains the operation and evolution of the economy of the present world (Dilip, 2001, 168). The relations often include public policy shaping, the steps taken by regulatory systems and

Saint-Saëns Essay Example for Free

Saint-Saà «ns Essay Saint-Saens’ third violin concerto is Romantic in style. The melodic line rapidly rises and falls, and rhythmic values are varied from fast, running notes to longer more lyrical lines. At times (such as the beginning of the second movement), the melodic line is fluid and elegant. This trait is typical of the composer and of French music in general during the late nineteenth century. In fact, the author of the textbook remarks that Saint-Saens displays â€Å"an elegance of melodic line in [his] music, which is not unlike the fluidity of the French language. † This characteristic can be attributed to the composer’s nationalism. The accompanying orchestra is rather large (though not as large as those employed by Bruckner or Strauss), another sign of the composer’s Romantic and anti-German tendencies. The music is tonal, with cadences articulating the ends of musical sections. Form Though, as the author of the textbook remarks, â€Å"French composers were also trying to create new forms of music whenever possible,† Saint-Saens’ concerto is in the traditional three movement format. The three movements – allegro non troppo, andantino quasi allegretto, and molto moderato e maestoso – follow the traditional fast-slow-fast pattern established with the Viennese composers Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven. Saint-Saens does, however, depart from the traditional double exposition sonata form employed by such composers in first movements. Saint-Saens’ concerto opens directly with the violin playing the main theme, accompanied by the orchestra. Subject Matter In terms of subject matter, this concerto is an example of absolute music: there is no accompanying narrative.

Clear Channel: Music Entertainment :: Radio Stations Songs Papers

Clear Channel: Music Entertainment After scanning over the frequencies offered on the FM dial, radio listeners today quickly become bored, annoyed, and frustrated at what they hear.As they flip from station to station, listeners usually hear the same songs, often songs they do not especially like, repeated on multiple stations despite a change in frequency.Few of these songs are not that month's best-selling singles, unless they are listening to older music, which often only reflects the several dozen most popular tunes of previous generations.Amidst the repetitious music, listeners must also hear advertisements on many of the stations they turn to, waiting through several minutes of annoying sales plugs at each station before hearing more low-quality music. Perhaps these irritations are the reasons that fewer people have been tuning in to radio in the last several years.Over the last decade, the amount of radio listening in the U.S. has declined by 13%.Between 1998 and 2001, the amount of listening among teenagers dropped by 10% (Kot, "What's Wrong" sc.2).Excessive commercials was the reason one-third of listeners between the ages 12-24 gave for listening to radio less, amidst other complaints about the lack of variety in the songs and programs they were hearing (Boehlert, "Radio's Big" 5).Many music fans and critics from within the music industry blame the decrease in radio's popularity on the large corporate conglomerates that now own and control much of the music entertainment industry.Driven by the desire for profits, Clear Channel, the largest of these conglomerates, deserves most of the blame for mass-producing low quality, inaccessible radio and concerts across the U.S. After the Telecommunications Act of 1996 deregulated the radio industry, radio-owning corporations began rapidly consolidating.The National Association of Broadcasters lobbied Congress to pass this bill (Boehlert, "One Big Happy" 4), which would effectively eliminate all governmental restrictions on how many national radio stations one company could own and would loosen the limits on how many local radio stations companies could own.When the act was passed, the Federal Communications Commission allowed large radio companies to own up to eight local stations in any market, a large increase from the previous limit of two stations (Compaine 297). This government deregulation revolutionized radio by allowing larger radio companies to begin a spree of radio station buyouts.The more powerful companies that emerged further consolidated over the next few years through mergers that created radio giants with "vast empires" of media control. Clear Channel: Music Entertainment :: Radio Stations Songs Papers Clear Channel: Music Entertainment After scanning over the frequencies offered on the FM dial, radio listeners today quickly become bored, annoyed, and frustrated at what they hear.As they flip from station to station, listeners usually hear the same songs, often songs they do not especially like, repeated on multiple stations despite a change in frequency.Few of these songs are not that month's best-selling singles, unless they are listening to older music, which often only reflects the several dozen most popular tunes of previous generations.Amidst the repetitious music, listeners must also hear advertisements on many of the stations they turn to, waiting through several minutes of annoying sales plugs at each station before hearing more low-quality music. Perhaps these irritations are the reasons that fewer people have been tuning in to radio in the last several years.Over the last decade, the amount of radio listening in the U.S. has declined by 13%.Between 1998 and 2001, the amount of listening among teenagers dropped by 10% (Kot, "What's Wrong" sc.2).Excessive commercials was the reason one-third of listeners between the ages 12-24 gave for listening to radio less, amidst other complaints about the lack of variety in the songs and programs they were hearing (Boehlert, "Radio's Big" 5).Many music fans and critics from within the music industry blame the decrease in radio's popularity on the large corporate conglomerates that now own and control much of the music entertainment industry.Driven by the desire for profits, Clear Channel, the largest of these conglomerates, deserves most of the blame for mass-producing low quality, inaccessible radio and concerts across the U.S. After the Telecommunications Act of 1996 deregulated the radio industry, radio-owning corporations began rapidly consolidating.The National Association of Broadcasters lobbied Congress to pass this bill (Boehlert, "One Big Happy" 4), which would effectively eliminate all governmental restrictions on how many national radio stations one company could own and would loosen the limits on how many local radio stations companies could own.When the act was passed, the Federal Communications Commission allowed large radio companies to own up to eight local stations in any market, a large increase from the previous limit of two stations (Compaine 297). This government deregulation revolutionized radio by allowing larger radio companies to begin a spree of radio station buyouts.The more powerful companies that emerged further consolidated over the next few years through mergers that created radio giants with "vast empires" of media control.

Effectiveness of Double Entry Accounting System Essay

Giving examples, evaluate the effectiveness of the controls in the double entry system of accounting in ensuring the accuracy of the accounts. As well as examining the controls, your evaluation should consider errors that do not affect the balancing of the trial balance. Double entry accounting system was invented in 15th century and still being in use until today, this is quite an interesting fact; however it indicates that there is something about the system, thus making it so effective and irreplaceable. To evaluate the effectiveness of the controls in the double entry system, we should first question ourselves why is double entry book keeping system is still being used until today. Double entry book keeping is very useful because it can help spotting a lot of errors that accountants make every day. The fact of the matter is, that every transaction is being entered twice, which can eliminate some of the errors, that otherwise could have been missed out. For example, an accountant has debited ? 1409 P. Vasiljev’s account instead of ? 490, however because he had to credit the bank account as well, he looked at the transaction again, and spotted the error. Furthermore this system helps us to find errors using trial balance. As the trial balance will eventually be produced, it will identify whether or not, total of debit will equal to credit, if not, it indicates that errors has been made. Despite the fact, there are errors that double entry accounting will be unable to reveal, which will be shown below. (http://www. canhamrogers. com, 2011) Complete Reversal of Entries A payment of ? 16 to V. Putin, a supplier, was debited in the cash book and credited to V. Putin’s account. Compensating Error The bank account is under cast by ? 3000. The salaries account is also under casts by the same amount. Error of Omission The sale of products, ? 100 (plus VAT) to G. Bush, has been completely omitted from the books. Error of Commission A purchase of stock, ? 305 from D. Johnson was miss entered in J. Cena’s account. Error of Principle The purchase of a new office table, ? 150, is debited by mistake to the purchases account instead of equipment account. Error of Original Entry Rent of ? 96 paid by cash was entered in the both accounts as ? 69. Control Accounts A control account is a summary account in the general ledger. The details that support the balance in the summary account are contained in a subsidiary ledger – a ledger outside of the general ledger. The purpose of the control account is to keep the general ledger free of details, yet have the correct balance for the financial statements. For example, the Accounts Receivable account in the general ledger could be a control account. If it were a control account, the company would merely update the account with a few amounts, such as total collections for the day, total sales on account for the day, total returns and allowances for the day, etc. The details on each customer and each transaction would not be recorded in the Accounts Receivable control account in the general ledger. Rather, these details of the accounts receivable activity will be in the Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger. This works well because the employees working with the general ledger probably do not need to see the details for every sale or every collection transaction. However, the sales manager and the credit manager will need to know detailed information on individual customers, including whether a customer recently reduced their account balance. The company can provide these individuals with access to the Accounts Receivable Subsidiary Ledger and can keep the general ledger free of a tremendous amount of detail. (accountingcoach. com, 2011) Explain the importance of accurate accounting records in meeting the needs of the business and its stakeholders. Accounting is a very important tool in order to keep track of quantifiable factors of the business. The accounts are often used to demonstrate the flow of the money within the organisation. They are also made to organise financial information of the business in order for it to be analysed to see how well the business is doing, how much it is worth, and how much profit it is making. Accounting is making it easier to then demonstrate the outcomes and results of the business. With that being said, it is very clear that it is crucial for the accounts to be accurate. For the business it is important for the various reasons. First of all the business wants to see how well it is doing every year, that includes it’s gross and net profit, the worth of its assets and liabilities, etc. The accuracy of this information is vital, as the organisation’s leadership can then analyse this information and make decisions according to the outcomes. Second of all if the accounts are being produced inaccurate or incorrect, the organisation will most likely make wrong decisions, which may lead it to the loss of money or even bankruptcy. Secondly accurate accounts will help the day-to-day operations of the business. However stakeholders are also interested in the accuracy of the accounts for the various reasons presented below: Employees Employees of the business rely on accounts to receive the wages and salaries they have earned, this means that if accounts of the organisation are made inaccurately it may lead to employees receiving wrong amount of money, which is dreadful for various reasons. If the wages are overpaid, it means that the organisation has lost funds it shouldn’t have, whereas if they are underpaid it may lead to serious circumstances such as legal claims. Investors Investors that plan to invest funds into the organisation would look into accounts of the business in order to find whether it is profitable to put their money into the company. The accounts of the organisation will often be analysed, this means that the decision they make, will be dependent on the accounts, which is why it is vital for them, that the accounts are accurate. Board o Directors Board of directors, or the owner of the business, is analysing the accounts on the regular basis, whether it is monthly or annually. The decisions that the organisation is making regarding strategy, approach, etc. are dependent on the accounts. This is why it is critical that the accounts made are accurate, as if they aren’t wrong decision could be made, which may lead the company to huge financial losses. Government As all the businesses accounts must be submitted to the government, usually annually, it means that government would need accounts to be accurate. This is due to the fact that government would need to overlook the accounts in order to see whether all the taxes are being paid, and that everything remains under the law. Suppliers After producing â€Å"T accounts† and making few errors myself, it is now clearly seen that suppliers want accurate accounts in order to receive right amounts of money, once they’ve sold goods on credit to the company. If some of the entries within â€Å"T accounts† are entered inaccurately, the payment may be made to different supplier. Adding to that the business may underpay the supplier, which is not acceptable by any means.